{"id":4212,"date":"2021-09-09T16:43:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T20:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/?p=4212"},"modified":"2023-02-28T21:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T02:00:16","slug":"sugary-drink-taxes-based-on-volume-vs-sugar-density-simulations-comparing-tax-designs-in-mexico-find-advantages-to-both","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/sugary-drink-taxes-based-on-volume-vs-sugar-density-simulations-comparing-tax-designs-in-mexico-find-advantages-to-both\/","title":{"rendered":"Sugary drink taxes based on volume vs. sugar density: Simulations comparing tax designs in Mexico find advantages to both"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<p>New research from GFRP graduate&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/team\/juan-carlos-salgado\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Juan Carlos Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez, PhD<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;and professor&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/team\/shu-wen-ng\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Shu Wen Ng, PhD<\/strong><\/a>, examines how different&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/policy-research\/fiscal-policies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>sugary drink tax designs<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;compare to Mexico\u2019s tax in terms of how effectively they might reduce the amount of sugar Mexicans buy from beverages and the volume of sugary drinks they buy at the store, as well as how much tax revenue they could raise. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0253748\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>study, published August 19 in PLOS ONE<\/strong><\/a>, sheds light on some advantages inherent to taxes that are based on a sugary beverage\u2019s&nbsp;<em>volume<\/em>&nbsp;as compared to taxes based on&nbsp;<em>sugar density<\/em>, or how many grams of sugar a certain beverage volume contains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez and Ng specifically compared Mexico\u2019s existing volume-based tax \u2014 1 Mexican peso per liter on any soft drink with any amount of added sugar \u2014 to the sugar-density tax designs used in the United Kingdom and South Africa. In the United Kingdom, drinks with a sugar density of 5\u20138 grams of total sugar per 100 mL are taxed at a rate of \u00a30.18 per L ($0.21 USD), and drinks with \u2265 8 grams total sugar per 100 mL are taxed at \u00a30.24 per L (\u2248$0.28 USD). In South Africa, sugary drinks are taxed ZAR 0.021 per gram of sugar over 4 grams per 100 mL ($0.001 USD per gram).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-2990\" style=\"width: 40px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_Mexico.png\" alt=\"Mexican flag\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_Mexico.png 704w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_Mexico-350x200.png 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_Mexico-42x24.png 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" \/> MEXICO<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#eaf4fb\"><li><em><strong>Volumetric<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>Implemented 2014<\/em><\/li><li>MX $1 per L (USD $0.05)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"20\" class=\"wp-image-4263\" style=\"width: 40px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag.png\" alt=\"United Kingdom flag\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag.png 2560w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-350x175.png 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-2048x1024.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-42x21.png 42w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/UK_Flag-120x60.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" \/> UNITED KINGDOM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#eaf4fb\"><li><em><strong>Sugar-density <\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>Implemented 2018<\/em><\/li><li>\u00a30.18 per L (USD $0.21) on drinks with 5\u20138 g sugar\/100 mL<\/li><li>\u00a30.24 per L (USD $0.28) on drinks with &gt;8 g sugar\/100 mL<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-2997\" style=\"width: 40px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_South_Africa.png\" alt=\"South African flag\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_South_Africa.png 704w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_South_Africa-350x200.png 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Flags_South_Africa-42x24.png 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" \/> SOUTH AFRICA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#eaf4fb\"><li><em><strong>Sugar-density<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>Implemented 2018<\/em><\/li><li>R 0.021 per gram sugar over 4 grams (USD $0.001)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The study used a carefully designed simulation to model the effects of the UK and South African sugar-density taxes in Mexico, factoring in the country\u2019s beverage market, baseline sugary drink consumption, and responses to the tax by producers and consumers. The authors found that all three tax designs led to a similar drop of roughly 19% in the volume of sugary drinks purchased and, in turn, the amount of&nbsp;<em>sugar<\/em>&nbsp;purchased from beverages. However, when the simulation was adjusted to account for potential product reformulation scenarios by beverage manufacturers aiming to reduce their tax burden, greater differences emerged. Under these reformulation scenarios, both the UK and South African sugar-density taxes led to a larger drop in sugar purchased compared to Mexico\u2019s volume-based tax. In fact,&nbsp;the South African tax design led to reductions of 37\u201347% in sugar purchased \u2014&nbsp;double that of the volume-based Mexico tax. On the other hand, Mexico\u2019s tax generated the greatest revenue of the three designs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-css-opacity has-background is-style-dots\" style=\"background-color:#4c9cd3;color:#4c9cd3\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#4c9cd3\">The South African tax design led to reductions of 37\u201347% in sugar purchased \u2014&nbsp;double that of the volume-based Mexico tax. On the other hand, Mexico\u2019s tax generated the greatest revenue of the three designs.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-css-opacity has-background is-style-dots\" style=\"background-color:#4c9cd3;color:#4c9cd3\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>These findings suggest that a sugar-density tax might be more effective for tackling overweight and obesity prevalence in Mexico.&nbsp;\u201cThere is an ongoing discussion in Mexico about increasing the existing tax on sugar-sweetened beverages,\u201d said Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez. \u201cOur study can contribute to this discussion by providing evidence of the performance of sugar-density taxes that, according to our findings, are more effective in reducing sugar intake from SSB when potential reformulation takes place.\u201d Sugar-density taxes are predicted to&nbsp;yield lower tax revenue, however, which, policymakers should weigh against their potential larger public health benefits.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study also provides policymakers considering adopting a sugary drink tax elsewhere an innovative way to compare different tax designs. \u201cOther countries in the region might find relevant our overall findings, in light of the potential reformulation induced by sugar-density taxes,\u201d said Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To build on the findings in this study, Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez notes the need to further examine how the tax designs might affect various groups of people or stakeholders in different ways. \u201cFuture studies should assess the effect on health outcomes and the economic implications for the government, sugar-sweetened beverage producers, and consumers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-css-opacity has-background is-style-dots\" style=\"background-color:#4c9cd3;color:#4c9cd3\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/team\/juan-carlos-salgado\/\"><em>Juan Carlos Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0earned a PhD in Health Policy and Management from UNC-Chapel Hill in 2019. He now works as a researcher at Mexico\u2019s Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (National Institute of Public Health)<\/em>.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-css-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color\"><em>Funding for this study was provided by&nbsp;Bloomberg Philanthropies (through grants to the Carolina Population Center and the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica), with support from the National Institutes of Health (R01DK108148), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (71698), and the Carolina Population Center\u2019s NIH Center Grant (P2C HD050924). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#4c9cd3\">AUTHORS:<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/team\/juan-carlos-salgado\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Juan_Carlos_Salgado_headshot_square.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Juan_Carlos_Salgado_headshot_square.png 150w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Juan_Carlos_Salgado_headshot_square-42x42.png 42w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Juan_Carlos_Salgado_headshot_square-60x60.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Juan Carlos Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez, PhD<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/team\/shu-wen-ng\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Shu_Wen_Ng_headshot_square.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Shu_Wen_Ng_headshot_square.png 150w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Shu_Wen_Ng_headshot_square-42x42.png 42w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Shu_Wen_Ng_headshot_square-60x60.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Shu Wen Ng, PhD<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-css-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/where-we-work\/mexico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Mexico&#8217;s junk food tax and front-of-package labeling regulations<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-css-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#4c9cd3\" class=\"has-inline-color\">RESOURCES:<\/mark><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FACTSHEET_SSBTAX_2020_Feb11_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"85\" height=\"108\" class=\"wp-image-3026\" style=\"width: 85px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Factsheet_SSB_thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"Fact Sheet SSB Tax Thumbnail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Factsheet_SSB_thumbnail.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Factsheet_SSB_thumbnail-42x53.jpg 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Why tax sugary drinks?\u00a0<\/strong><br>Learn more in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/resource\/fact-sheet-why-tax-sugary-drinks\/\">sugary drink tax fact sheet<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Sugary_Drink_Tax_maps_upload.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"138\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-3081\" style=\"width: 138px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Maps_ssb_taxes_thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"Map SSB Taxes Thumbnail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Maps_ssb_taxes_thumbnail.jpg 138w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Maps_ssb_taxes_thumbnail-42x32.jpg 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">View\u00a0these and other taxes around the world in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/home\/fiscal-policies-taxes-on-sugary-drinks-and-unhealthy-foods\/\">sugary drink tax policy maps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New research from GFRP graduate&nbsp;Juan Carlos Salgado Hern\u00e1ndez, PhD&nbsp;and professor&nbsp;Shu Wen Ng, PhD, examines how different&nbsp;sugary drink tax designs&nbsp;compare to Mexico\u2019s tax in terms of how effectively they might reduce the amount of sugar Mexicans buy from beverages and the volume of sugary drinks they buy at the store, as well as how much tax [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fiscal-policies","category-mexico"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sugary drink taxes based on volume vs. sugar density: Simulations comparing tax designs in Mexico find advantages to both - Global Food Research Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/sugary-drink-taxes-based-on-volume-vs-sugar-density-simulations-comparing-tax-designs-in-mexico-find-advantages-to-both\/\" 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