
{"id":3281,"date":"2021-06-29T11:34:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T15:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/?page_id=3281"},"modified":"2025-05-18T19:47:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T23:47:51","slug":"us-policy-evaluations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/us-policy-evaluations\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. Policies and Programs: Evaluations and Designs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"242\" align=\"right\" class=\"wp-image-3294\" style=\"width: 300px; margin-left: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Berkeley_tax_graphic-e1624985436151.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Berkeley_tax_graphic-e1624985436151.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Berkeley_tax_graphic-e1624985436151-350x169.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Berkeley_tax_graphic-e1624985436151-42x20.jpg 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>Sugary drink taxes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In collaboration with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phi.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Public Health Institute&nbsp;(PHI)<\/strong><\/a>, we&nbsp;evaluated the first major excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the United States.&nbsp;Our team&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/berkeley-ssb-tax-evaluation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>evaluated Berkeley, California\u2019s SSB excise tax<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;that came into effect on&nbsp;March 1st, 2015. This work was funded by<strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Bloomberg Philanthropies<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also inform<a>&nbsp;<\/a>SSB tax designs by applying demand systems models to our sales data from our large household food purchase panels. We do this to assess<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/trends-in-dietary-intake-and-eating-behaviors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> <strong>changes in food and beverage purchases<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;overall and among various subpopulations. We account for both product substitutions and complementarities in shopping behavior. This research allows us to understand a tax policy&#8217;s implications for nutritional health, potential revenue generated, and equity impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also use our&nbsp;experimental <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/innovative-online-grocery-store-model-takes-nutrition-research-to-a-new-level-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>online food store<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unc.edu\/discover\/transforming-a-lab-into-a-mini-mart\/?utm_campaign=100119+Transforming+a+lab+into+a+mini-mart&amp;utm_medium=bitly&amp;utm_source=Twitter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>in-person experimental grocery store<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;to test the impact of different types of food and drink taxes on the healthfulness of purchases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Read more about the<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FACTSHEET_SSBTAX_2020_Feb11_Final.pdf\">evidence for SSB tax policies<\/a> <\/strong>and our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/policy-research\/fiscal-policies\/\">global work evaluating tax policies worldwide<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\" id=\"US_Labelling_Regulations\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Labeling regulations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We examine the prevalence of different front-of-package labeling strategies on the food supply, including nutrition claims and child-directed marketing techniques, and how these are linked to the healthfulness of food purchases. In addition, we conduct online and in-person experiments to understand how front-of-package warning labels and other potential policies affect consumer reactions, perceptions, knowledge, and behavior. We conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses to synthesize the overall body of research on front-of-package label elements. We are also interested in understanding the effect of different labeling regulations on health equity; for example, whether labels that use icons are more effective in low-English proficiency Latinx populations. Some examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studying the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/nutrition-claims\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>prevalence of nutrition claims<\/strong><\/a> on the food supply and how they are linked to the nutritional profile of purchases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Understanding which types of front-of-package warning label designs are most effective at discouraging purchases of unhealthy food and drinks&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testing the impact of front-of-package warning labels on consumer purchases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Synthesizing the body of existing research to quantify the<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/12\/2\/569\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">impact of front-of-package warning labels<\/a>.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/publications\/?_sfm_publication_related_country=180&amp;_sft_uncgfrp_policy_research=labeling-regulations\">See all our publications on labeling regulations in the United States.<\/a><\/strong><\/em><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\" id=\"Federal_Assistance\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Federal Food Assistance Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"right\" class=\"wp-image-3923\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/WIC_food_package-1.jpg\" alt=\"WIC Food Package\">We assess how participation in federal food assistance programs such as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SNAP<\/a> <\/strong>and<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WIC<\/a><\/strong> is associated with food purchasing behaviors and dietary quality. In particular, we focus on how changes made to these programs could impact nutritional outcomes and dietary quality. Some examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2009 updates to WIC food packages: <\/strong>We examined whether and to what degree major<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/background-revisions-wic-food-package\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">updates to WIC food packages<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>improved nutritional outcomes&nbsp;and reduced nutritional disparities.<strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5820777\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read our findings.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SNAP participation: <\/strong>We have explored whether and how food purchasing behaviors (including nutritional quality of purchases) differed between low-income households that did vs. did not participate in SNAP<strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5445673\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Read our findings<\/em>.<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>School nutrition: <\/strong>We assessed how improvements in federal school nutrition standards following introduction of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/article\/fact-sheet-healthy-hunger-free-kids-act-school-meals-implementation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act<\/a> <\/strong>in 2010 directly and indirectly improved dietary quality among primary and secondary children receiving free\/reduced-priced lunches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/publications\/?_sfm_publication_related_country=180&amp;_sft_uncgfrp_policy_research=food-nutrition-assistance-policies\"><strong>See all our publications on U.S. food assistance programs.<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\" id=\"Healthy_Incentives\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Healthy_Incentives\">Healthy Incentive&nbsp;Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reinvestmentpartners.org\/what-we-do\/produce-prescriptions\/supersnap-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"486\" height=\"140\" align=\"right\" class=\"wp-image-3815\" style=\"width: 250px; margin-left: 20px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/SuperSNAP-logo-02-transparent-small-e1628731329459.png\" alt=\"SuperSNAP logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/SuperSNAP-logo-02-transparent-small-e1628731329459.png 486w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/SuperSNAP-logo-02-transparent-small-e1628731329459-350x101.png 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/SuperSNAP-logo-02-transparent-small-e1628731329459-42x12.png 42w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/a>We recently worked with <a href=\"https:\/\/reinvestmentpartners.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Reinvestment Partners<\/strong><\/a> to evaluate how their Produce Prescription Program,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supersnap.org\/what-we-do\/produce-prescriptions\/supersnap-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>SuperSNAP<\/strong><\/a>, which provides SNAP beneficiaries with diet-sensitive health conditions a &#8220;prescription&#8221; for $40 per month to spend on fruits and vegetables at Food Lion stores across\u00a0North Carolina. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/supersnap-helps-food-insecure-households-afford-healthy-foods\/\"><strong>Read more about this study.<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reinvestmentpartners.org\/what-we-do\/produce-prescriptions\/healthy-helping.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"right\" class=\"wp-image-3911\" style=\"width: 250px; margin-left: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/healthy-helping-logo.png\" alt=\"Healthy Helping Logo\"><\/a>We are also assessing whether a North Carolina COVID-19 relief program,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supersnap.org\/what-we-do\/produce-prescriptions\/healthy-helping.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Healthy Helping<\/strong><\/a>, helped limit food insecurity, supported healthier purchases and how people used this incentive alongside other food assistance programs. Healthy Helping provides SNAP beneficiaries negatively impacted by COVID-19 a fruit and vegetable incentive for up to 3 months in June\u2013December 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\" id=\"Joint_Approaches\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Joint_Approaches\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"148\" align=\"right\" class=\"wp-image-3927\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hotdogs.jpg\" alt=\"Processed Meat\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hotdogs.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hotdogs-350x346.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hotdogs-42x41.jpg 42w, https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hotdogs-61x60.jpg 61w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>Joint approaches for health and sustainability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We also seek to understand how policies can be used to promote both health and sustainability in the United States. For example, we are currently researching whether front-of-package warnings and\/or taxes can increase consumers&#8217; awareness of the environmental and health harms of red and processed meats and decrease purchases and consumption.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sugary drink taxes In collaboration with the&nbsp;Public Health Institute&nbsp;(PHI), we&nbsp;evaluated the first major excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the United States.&nbsp;Our team&nbsp;evaluated Berkeley, California\u2019s SSB excise tax&nbsp;that came into effect on&nbsp;March 1st, 2015. This work was funded by&nbsp;The Bloomberg Philanthropies. We also inform&nbsp;SSB tax designs by applying demand systems models to our sales [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3281","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>U.S. Policies and Programs: Evaluations and Designs - Global Food Research Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfoodresearchprogram.org\/us-policy-evaluations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"U.S. Policies and Programs: Evaluations and Designs - Global Food Research Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sugary drink taxes In collaboration with the&nbsp;Public Health Institute&nbsp;(PHI), we&nbsp;evaluated the first major excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the United States.&nbsp;Our team&nbsp;evaluated Berkeley, California\u2019s SSB excise tax&nbsp;that came into effect on&nbsp;March 1st, 2015. 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